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Subject Collection Story Interviewed by

Manuel Najera

 

World War II

By Leigh Cole

Manuel Najera certainly made his presence known in the service during World War II, flying 35 missions in Europe before coming home.

"If I would have died, it would have ended my family," Najera said.

But he took...

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Juan Marinez

Jesse D Nava

Jesse D Nava  

World War II

By Kristina Radke

Before World War II, Jesse Nava led a simple life in California, swimming in the Los Angeles River and gaining a strong work ethic from his immigrant father. But since the war, that carefree life has been elusive.

...

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Wilfred Navarro

Wilfred Navarro  

World War II, Political & Civic Engagement

By Brittany Wilson

After getting discharged from the Navy in 1948, Wilfred Navarro, Jr. returned to his hometown of Houston. He finished high school and decided he’d like to be a police officer. But first, he and other Latino veterans would...

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Mr. Paul Rodriguez Zepeda

Jose R. Navarro

 

World War II

By Guillermo X. Garcia

José Navarro, a 20-year-old farm boy with a limited education from segregated South Texas schools, went to war in 1942 to better himself.

By the time of his discharge, due to injury as a member of the U.S....

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Veronica Franco

Eliseo Navarro

 

World War II

By Tammi Grais

Eliseo Navarro and his three brothers found a positive experience, overcame the hardships and returned home safely.

Born in 1925 in Asherton, Texas, a small town 100 miles southeast of San Antonio, Navarro suffered...

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Octavio Negrón

Octavio Negrón  

World War II

By Juan De La Cruz

En route to Africa on a ship with more than 5,000 soldiers, Octavio Negrón knew he needed to leave home, even if it meant going off to fight.

Negrón had enlisted in the Army at the age of 18, an act he...

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Carlos I. Hernandez

Arnif G. Nerio

Arnif G. Nerio  

World War II

By Caren Panzer

Arnif G. Nerio felt his life was really coming together in the fall of 1942. While so many were still out of work, he’d just landed a job at General Motors in Saginaw, Mich.

Just three months earlier, he’d married...

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Jeffery K. Watanabe

Trinidad Ayala Nerio

Trinidad Ayala Nerio  

By Lauren Smith

From a troubled first marriage to surviving alone with her three kids while her second husband, Arnold, served in the Army for two years, Trinidad Nerio has learned to take the good with the bad.

"Life is life," Nerio...

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Elizabeth Aguirre

Joe Nevarez

Joe Nevarez  

World War II

By Melanie Sewell

A pioneer in his field at a time when jobs were scarce, Joe Reyes Nevarez was one of the first Mexican Americans to work for The Los Angeles Times as a reporter.

"I used to tell the managing editor, 'Why don't...

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Steven Rosales

Ismael Nevarez

Ismael Nevarez  

World War II

By Paul Brown

Ismael Nevarez was headed west across the Pacific Ocean aboard a troopship in early August of 1945. Countless other United States Navy vessels surrounded him as far as the eye could see, and they were all headed in the same...

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Paul Brown

Irma Nicolás

Irma Nicolás  

By Jenan Taha

Irma Nicolás is the daughter of a Mexican-American media pioneer. Her father, Raoul Cortez Sr., founded the country's first full-time Spanish-language radio station and went on to start a Spanish-language television station...

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Laura Barberena

Emilio Nicolas Sr.

Emilio Nicolas - Voces Oral History Project - Political and Civic Engagement collection  

Political & Civic Engagement

By the Voces Staff

Growing up in a northern Mexican mining town, Emilio Nicolás sat by his father's side listening to short-wave radio reports from the United States describing the advance of Allied troops across Europe during World War II...

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Laura Barberena

Albert Nieto

Albert Nieto  

World War II

By Angel Flores

From a cardboard box, Albert Nieto rummages through old newspapers, postcards and other keepsakes that bring back memories from his days of service in the Army. One of the artifacts he pulls from the box is a sightseeing...

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Ben Olguin

Edmundo Nieto

Edmundo Nieto  

World War II

By Chelsea Franklin

Through his service during World War II, Edmundo Nieto learned about the hardships and horrors of war but also experienced different cultures, met a wide array of people, and participated in once-in-a-lifetime...

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Liliana Rodriguez

Virginia G. Nunez

Virginia G. Nunez  

World War II

By Jennifer Lindgren

These are some things Virgina Gallardo Nuñez remembers about growing up in South Texas during World War II: curling her hair with the string ties from coffee bags instead of bobby pins because metal was rationed;...

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Jennifer Lindgren

Jesus Ochoa

 

World War II

By Raquel C. Garza

As a child, Jesus Ochoa once spent the 16th of September, a Mexican holiday celebrating independence from Spain, at home with his family. When he returned to school the next day, his teacher admonished him, saying missing...

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Rene Zambrano

Anthony Olivas

Anthony\Tony\"Olivas just before he shipped out in 1943."  

World War II

By Mayella Gonzalez

Tony Olivas' mother always told him and his brothers during World War II not to volunteer for the Army -- to wait until they were drafted.

"Don't volunteer. Let them come after you," Olivas recalls his mother...

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Rea Ann Trotter

Dora Flores Olivo

 

Political & Civic Engagement

Dora Flores Olivo became one of the few Latinas elected to the Texas Legislature in 1997 and remains a fierce advocate of Latino voting rights and education.

Olivo was born March 6, 1943, in Sinton, Texas, 129 miles southeast of San...

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Maggie Rivas-Rodriguez

Manuela Maymie Garcia Ontiveros

Manuela Maymie Garcia Ontiveros  

Political & Civic Engagement

By Carrie Nelson

Manuela Ontiveros dedicated her life to her family and community and to preserving her treasured Mexican heritage and traditions.

"You instill in your children and grandchildren pride [in their heritage],"...

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Raul Garcia

Gilberto Ornelas

Gilberto Ornelas  

World War II

By Ismael Martinez

Gilberto Ornelas saw the aftermath of one of the most important yet horrific inventions of the 20th Century. His experience almost killed him but granted him many opportunities.

Ornelas was born in Globe, Ariz., on...

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Liliana Velázquez

William R. Ornelas

William R. Ornelas in Paris, France.  

World War II

By Juliana A Torres

William R. Ornelas grew up in a family of seven brothers and two sisters in Brownwood, Texas. They worked in the fields picking cotton, corn and wheat.

Like the rest of the country, the Ornelases were hit hard...

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Dr. Maggie Rivas-Rodriguez

Aurora Estrada Orozco

Aurora Estrada Orozco  

World War II

By Desirée Mata

Aurora Estrada Orozco was only about 4 years old when she came to the United States due to the unrest in Mexico. Her father, Lorenzo Estrada, worked as a bookkeeper at an American gold, silver and coal mining company in...

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Desirée Mata

Carlota Ayala Ortega

Carlota Ayala Ortega  

Political & Civic Engagement, World War II

By Angela Walker

Dr. Carlota Ayala-Ortega sits proudly by as husband Guadalupe Ortega recalls his memories from World War II.

Guadalupe recalls the time the owner of a museum learned of his many medals earned in combat, and told...

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Gloria Monita

Guadalupe F. Ortega

Guadalupe F. Ortega  

World War II

By Gillian Lawlor

Guadalupe Ortega remembers having to put a dead Japanese soldier into a foxhole with him to escape detection by enemy forces -- just one incident in his harrowing World War II military career.

Even before he received...

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Gloria Monita

Abel Flores Ortega

Abel and Naomi Ortega (wife) outside their home in San Antonio, Texas. March, 2001.  

World War II

By Joanne R. Sánchez

When Abel Ortega was growing up, his family used to call him "the big thinker." "I was thinking of ways to reach the Far East," he said.

He had seen magazine pictures of the Chinese and the Japanese. Later, he sat in a...

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Drs. Joanne Rao & Mario Sanchez

Leo Ortega

Leo Ortega  

World War II

By Jessica Propst

Pride runs through Leo Ortega’s veins. It was placed there by his mother, Rose Valdes Ortega, as a small boy in the 1930s amidst the backdrop of the Great Depression. Ortega watched her work day and night in Raton, N.M.,...

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Delia Esparza

Jessie Ortiz

Jessie Ortiz  

World War II

By Cindy Carcamo

From a young age, Jessie Ortiz learned his Mexican American heritage would be an obstacle in a world dominated by what he calls the "white man's law." He would experience prejudice and discrimination -- even when he fought...

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Cindy Carcamo

Blas Ortiz

Blas Ortiz - Voces Oral History Project  

Vietnam

By Jordan Haeger

 

Blas Ortiz had served as an adviser in Okinawa for a few months in 1963 when his unit, Co. E, 2nd Battalion, 27th Marines, 5th Marine Division, was rounded up, issued live ammo and told they would be...

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Catherine Shepherd

Richard Ortiz

Richard Ortiz  

World War II

By Julie Flowers

Richard Ortiz was a senior at San Antonio Technical Vocational School in 1941 when he heard a fellow classmate discussing plans to go to college. At that moment, Ortiz realized that pursuing a higher education was an option...

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Antonio Gilb

Elena V. Ortiz

 

World War II

By Matt Norris

San Antonio, Texas, resident Elena Ortiz has a deep family history rooted in the Canary Islands, Spain, Mexico and San Antonio. Her family fought at the Alamo, in the Battle of New Orleans and World War II.

Ortiz was...

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Cheryl Smith

Pedro Ortiz

 

World War II

From a humble beginning on the west side of San Antonio, Pedro Ortiz’s life roles included those of migrant worker, soldier, husband, father, civil service worker and, ultimately, accomplished woodworker, gardener and folk artist. Pedro Ortiz was...

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Vinicio Sinta

Jorge Otero-Barreto

 

In 1959, a young Jorge Otero Barreto stood up to his mother, telling her he would marry his girlfriend and would not attend medical school in Spain. Instead, he joined the Army.

It was a choice that would have long-term repercussions,...

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Maggie Rivas-Rodriguez

Henry Oyama

Henry Oyama was interviewed by Voces on Tuesday, August 17, 2010 at the Tucson Veterans Center in Tucson, Arizona. (Photo by: Marc Hamel)  

Political & Civic Engagement, World War II

By Lauren Harrity, California State University, Fullerton

After growing up in a Spanish-speaking Japanese-American family in Tucson, Arizona, Henry "Hank" Oyama went on to be a tireless supporter of bilingual education for American...

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Taylor Peterson

Amos Pacheco

 

World War II

By Eunmi Christina Lee

One September night in 1942, Amos Pacheco and Gloria Robles both happened to be at Bergs Mill Platform, a San Antonio, Texas, dancehall with a music box and bar.

“I was dancing with this other girl and she said...

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Pacheco Pacheco

Ernesto Padilla

Ernesto Padilla  

World War II

By Matt Harlan

The life of Ernesto Padilla is one marked with opportunities masked by tragedy.

Padilla’s childhood was spent with his large family in Puerto de Luna, N.M. The town, nestled on the Pecos River, was a community...

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Brian Lucero

Hector Albert Padilla

Hector Albert Padilla - Voces Oral History Project  

Korean Conflict

By John Mazzullo

A lifelong athlete and a trailblazing educator and coach, Hector Albert Padilla is no stranger to the discipline, hard work and camaraderie that goes into assembling a strong team.

Padilla was born in Tucson,...

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Henry Mendoza

Samuel Padilla Echeveste

Samuel Padilla Echeveste - Voces Oral History Project  

Korean Conflict

By Hayley Stern, Rutgers University

An elementary school teacher told Samuel Echeveste he would one day be defending his country.

The young boy sitting in that classroom in Miami, Arizona (about 70 miles east of Phoenix), would...

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Michelle Lojewski

Fernando I. Pagan

Fernando I. Pagan  

World War II

By Juan De La Cruz

Fernando Pagan was a jack of all trades during his childhood in Puerto Rico.

At the age of 12, Pagan shined shoes every Sunday in Carolina, Puerto Rico; on Saturdays, he sold clothes for a wage of $2 and...

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Doralis Perez-Soto

Jaime Palacios

Jaime Palacios  

Political & Civic Engagement

By: Voces Staff

Jaime Palacios was the first of three children, born in San Juan, Texas on November 15, 1960, to Berta (Saenz) and Hector ‘Tito’ Palacios. From an early age, Palacios looked to his parents for guidance on education. After...

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Julie Nacibe Gomez

Berta Parra

Berta Parra  

World War II

By Rachel Taliaferro

Berta Parra’s memory is slipping away from her.

People, places, names, dates – as she sat in an armchair at the Ambrosio Guillen Texas State Veterans Home, in her native city of El Paso, she worked through the...

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Cheryl Smith Kemp

Maria Cristina Parra

Maria Cristina Pozos Parra - Voces Oral History Project  

World War II

By Adrienne Lee

Maria Cristina [Pozos] Parra knows few details about World War II outside the stories her husband, Ambrosio Parra, chose to tell her, and a wound on his foot that left him in pain for the rest of his life. As she put it: “...

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Elvia O. Perez

Xavier Pelaez

 

World War II

By Gina Ross

World War II gave Xavier Pelaez many gruesome experiences -- from witnessing the horror of a concentration camp to the pain of being wounded in battle.

Pelaez was born in Los Angeles in 1925, his parents having moved from...

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Luis Torres

Delphino M. Peña

Delphino M. Peña  

World War II

By Veronica Franco

On his 20th birthday, Delphino Peña was drafted into World War II as a soldier fighting for both his country and his life in the Philippines against the Japanese.

After capturing Leyte and Samoa through intense...

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Paul Zepeda

Carlos Pena

 

World War II

By Melissa Watkins

Carlos Peña's mother, Natividad, used to say the only time Anglos came around their little farm near San Benito, Texas, was when they needed another...

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Rick Leal

Tony Pena

Tony Pena  

Voces of a Pandemic

By: Voces Staff

Tony Pena is 29 years old from Phoenix, Arizona, who currently lives in Portland, Oregon. He works at Squarespace, an internet domain tech company, where he has worked as a senior customer advisor for three years. He also...

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Vincent Pena

Placido Peña

 

World War II

By Hasive Gomez

Cleaning land mines and building bridges in front of enemy lines leaves little room for luck. Yet former combat engineer Placido Peña says luck is one of the reasons he survived the war under hazardous conditions.

...

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Cristina Salinas

Paz Peña

 

Vietnam

By Wes Hamilton

Paz Peña was a small-town kid in every way. Growing up in Mathis, Texas, he was the oldest of four siblings and always felt destined to leave his town to make an impact in the world.

Peña was born July 5, 1944, in...

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Wes Hamilton

Eduardo Peniche

Eduardo Piniche,75 yrs old.  

World War II

By Fernando Dovalina

Even though he stands only five feet five, Ed Peniche must be one of the tallest men in the world. Every time this son of Mexico has been challenged in life, he has measured up – and then some.

He measured up as...

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Fernando Dovalina

Ester Arredondo Perez

Ester Arredondo Perez  

World War II

By Whitney Mizer

Eighty-two-year-old San Antonio resident Ester Arredondo Perez always worked hard to accomplish her goals, whether they were traveling the world or becoming the first Latino high school graduate in Fort Bend County, Texas...

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Erika Martinez

Manuel Sierra Pérez

Manuel Sierra Pérez  

World War II

By Brenda Menchaca

Manuel Sierra Pérez sits on a chair at a desk cluttered with photographs of his children at a young age and a University of Texas coffee mug, among other items.

“I have everything on the desk. I don’t even have to...

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